Efficacy and safety of setmelanotide, an MC4R agonist, in individuals with severe obesity due to LEPR or POMC deficiency: single-arm, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trials

Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) receptor plays a part in body weight regulation. Severe early-onset obesity can be caused by biallelic variants in genes that affect the MC4R pathway. Eight participants in. the POMC trial achieved at least 10% weight loss in approximately 1 year.

Effects of empagliflozin on first and recurrent clinical events in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a secondary analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial

EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial was a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial of patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease done between August 2010 and April 2015. For outcomes significantly reduced, risk reductions were numerically larger for total events than for first events. Total fatal or non-fatal stroke was not significantly different between treatment groups in the pooled empag liflozin group.

2-year remission of type 2 diabetes and pancreas morphology: a post-hoc analysis of the DiRECT open-label, cluster-randomised trial

The pancreas is small and irregular in shape in people with type 2 diabetes. remission of the disease should restore normal pancreas morphology. This study looked at changes in pancrea volume and shape during 2 years of remission.

Testosterone treatment to prevent or revert type 2 diabetes in men enrolled in a lifestyle programme (T4DM): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-year, phase 3b trial

Testosterone treatment for 2 years reduced the proportion of participants with type 2 diabetes beyond the effects of a lifestyle programme. The treatment effect was independent of baseline serum testosterone. Longer-term durability, safety, and cardiovascular effects of the intervention remain to be further investigated.

Effects of dapagliflozin on major adverse kidney and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease: a prespecified analysis from the DAPA-CKD trial

The multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was done at 386 study sites in 21 countries. The relative risk reduction for the primary composite outcome was consistent in participants with type 2 diabetes and those without diabetes.

Maternal and fetal outcomes in phaeochromocytoma and pregnancy: a multicentre retrospective cohort study and systematic review of literature

Phaeochromocytoma or paraganglioma in pregnant women can lead to severe complications and death. Unrecognized and untreated PPGL was associated with a substantially higher risk of complications.

Effects of empagliflozin on estimated extracellular volume, estimated plasma volume, and measured glomerular filtration rate in patients with heart failure (Empire HF Renal): a prespecified substudy of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

SGLT2 inhibitors are a promising treatment option in patients with heart failure. The Empire HF trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov and EudraCT. Treatment resulted in reductions in estimated extracellular volume, plasma volume, and measured GFR compared with placebo.

Maternal health, in-utero, and perinatal exposures and risk of thyroid cancer in offspring: a Nordic population-based nested case-control study

Thyroid cancer tends to be diagnosed at a younger age than most other malignancies. Higher birth weight, congenital hypothyroidism, diabetes before pregnancy, and postpartum haemorrhage were each associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in offspring.

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